In the field of metal surface treatment, polishing performance is one of the key indicators for assessing product quality. Steel shot, as a common abrasive material, significantly influences polishing performance based on its grain size. Based on the latest research data, this article will reveal the varying effects of different grain sizes of steel shot on polishing performance.

          I. Relationship between Steel Shot Grain Size and Surface Roughness

According to recent research, there is a clear linear relationship between steel shot grain size and surface roughness. Experimental data shows that, at the same blasting speed, the larger the grain size of the steel shot, the greater the surface roughness value of the cleaned workpiece. Specifically, when using S460 graded steel shot, the roughness Ra value ranges between 10-13 micrometers, while the Rz value ranges between 50-72 micrometers. This indicates that larger grain sizes of steel shot, while providing stronger impact force, also result in higher surface roughness.

          (S230)

          II. Relationship between Steel Shot Grain Size and Cleaning Efficiency

          Research has also found that cleaning efficiency is related not only to impact force but also to coverage. Large-grain steel shot has strong impact force, but the number of particles per kilogram is limited, resulting in low coverage, and thus, not the highest cleaning efficiency. Conversely, small-grain steel shot has less impact force, but the number of particles per kilogram is high, providing high coverage and the ability to clean fine details, reducing surface roughness.

          III. Advantages of Graded Steel Shot

Graded steel shot, which is a mixture of steel shot of different grain sizes, can balance impact force and coverage, thus achieving the highest cleaning efficiency and lower surface roughness values. Graded steel shot contains 40%-50% of steel shot of the nominal size and gradually smaller steel shot. This combination provides optimal cleaning efficiency and lower surface roughness.

          IV. Considerations in Practical Applications

In actual production, as the cleaning time extends, the surface roughness value of the casting continuously decreases and eventually stabilizes at a certain value. For example, the surface roughness value curve of a Shenlong cylinder block varies with the shot blasting cleaning time, ultimately reaching a surface roughness of Ra 11-12.5 micrometers. This indicates that by adjusting the shot blasting time and steel shot grain size, it is possible to optimize the polishing effect while achieving very  cleaning efficiency.

          Different grain sizes of steel shot have significantly different effects on polishing performance. Selecting the appropriate steel shot grain size can improve cleaning efficiency while achieving the desired surface roughness. Graded steel shot, due to its ability to balance impact force and coverage, provides an effective solution for achieving high-efficiency polishing effects. In practical applications, by precisely controlling the shot blasting time and steel shot grain size, the polishing process can be further optimized to achieve the best surface treatment effects.

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